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John Franklin Swift (February 28, 1829 – March 10, 1891). He was an American politician and author. Swift was a Republican member of the California State Assembly. He represented the 8th district (County of San Francisco) in 1863 and 1873-75. In 1875 he ran as an independent for congress, but lost to William A. Piper. He later represented the 13th District from 1877 to 1880. In 1886, he ran for Governor of California, but lost to Democrat Washington Montgomery Bartlett. Along with Newton Booth, Swift formed an Independent Republican party whose platform was dominated by an anti-monopoly plank. Swift served as the United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan from 1889 to 1891. ==Biography== Swift was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and died in Tokyo, Japan, but spent most of his career in San Francisco, California. Swift was admitted to the California bar in 1857. He worked for the U.S. Land Office from 1865-1866. He was appointed to serve as a regent for the University of California from 1872-88. In 1888, Swift was the delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention.〔Retrieved June 30, 2011:sunsite.berkeley.edu/UCHistory/general_history/overview/regents/biographies_s.html〕 In 1867 Swift travelled on the USS ''Quaker City'' to the Holy City, the trip that Mark Twain made famous in his book ''Innocents Abroad''. Swift's version of this journey is captured in his book ''Going to Jericho; or, Sketches of Travel in Spain and the East.'' As a legislator, Swift wrote provisions in the California State Constitution which gave the county board of supervisors the authority to control water rates. In June, 1880, as a member of the treaty commission to China headed by James Burrill Angell, U.S. Chief Chinese Negotiator, Swift traveled with fellow commission member William Henry Trescot and Angell to Peking (now Beijing), China. The result was the Angell Treaty of 1880 which limited the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. The Angell Treaty regulated and limited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States but did not prohibit it outright. It separated U.S. trade interests from the immigration issue, and made a legal opening for an exclusion law. In Chae Chan Ping v. the United States, Swift and LA District Attorney Stephen M. White on behalf of California succeeded in moving the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the constitutionality of the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1888.〔Retrieved June 30, 2011: www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb0c6000gb/?brand=oac4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Franklin Swift」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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